See pynen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "pine"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "pine"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "pyne"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:pīnian",
"id": "to torment"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "pīnian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English pīnian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "pīnian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English pīnian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*pīnōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *pīnōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pyne",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "torture",
"id2": "infinitival",
"nocap": "1",
"pos2": "infinitive suffix",
"t1": "torture, torment"
},
"expansion": "by surface analysis, pyne (“torture, torment”) + -en (infinitive suffix)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English pīnian, from Proto-West Germanic *pīnōn, from *pīnā (“pain, torture”); by surface analysis, pyne (“torture, torment”) + -en (infinitive suffix). Compare peynen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pyneth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pynende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pynynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pyned",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pynen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to pynen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pynest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pynedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pyneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pynen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pyneden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pynede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pyneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pynynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pynende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ypyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pine",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "pyne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "pynyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "pinenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "pinin",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "pini",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent",
"Southern"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pynen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "pyn"
},
"expansion": "pynen (third-person singular simple present pyneth, present participle pynende, pynynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle pyned)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pyn"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 24 27 15 9 9 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 27 15 11 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 28 12 11 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 40 20 8 8 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 37 36 6 6 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 36 12 0 18 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Pain",
"orig": "enm:Pain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
104,
109
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
100,
107
]
],
"english": "The fire of hell is permanent and forever unextinguished, so that it can always exist to scorch and torment […]",
"ref": "c. 1180, Orͬm, “Secundum Iohannem .XVIII. [John 1:19]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 80, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "Þe fır off helle ıſſ endelæſ. ⁊ aᵹᫌ occ aᵹᫌ unᷠcƿenᷠkedd. Sƿa ꝥ ıtt muᵹͪe laſſtenᷠ. a. To bærnenᷠ. ⁊ to pınenᷠ.",
"translation": "The fire of hell is permanent and forever unextinguished, so that it can always exist to scorch and torment […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hurt; to inflict (physical) injury:",
"To torment or torture; to injure punitively."
],
"id": "en-pynen-enm-verb--HM5yc4Z",
"links": [
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"inflict",
"inflict"
],
[
"physical",
"physical#English"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
"torture",
"torture"
],
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"punitively",
"punitively"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 24 27 15 9 9 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 27 15 11 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 28 12 11 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 37 36 6 6 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 36 12 0 18 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Pain",
"orig": "enm:Pain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
70,
76
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
68,
76
]
],
"english": "\"Penitence is the lamentation of someone who regrets their sin, and scourges themself since they have acted wrongly.\"",
"ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Persons Tale”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 236, recto:",
"text": "Penıtence / ıs þe waẏmentẏnge of man / þᵗ soꝛweth foꝛ hıs sẏnne / and pẏneth hẏm self / foꝛ he hath mysdoon",
"translation": "\"Penitence is the lamentation of someone who regrets their sin, and scourges themself since they have acted wrongly.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hurt; to inflict (physical) injury:",
"To injure oneself as penitence."
],
"id": "en-pynen-enm-verb-0NdEaUzk",
"links": [
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"inflict",
"inflict"
],
[
"physical",
"physical#English"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"penitence",
"penitence"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 24 27 15 9 9 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 27 15 11 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 28 12 11 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hurt; to inflict (physical) injury:",
"To waste away; to starve or exhaust."
],
"id": "en-pynen-enm-verb-J8LM9vlT",
"links": [
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"inflict",
"inflict"
],
[
"physical",
"physical#English"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"waste",
"waste"
],
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"starve",
"starve"
],
[
"exhaust",
"exhaust"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 27 15 11 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 28 12 11 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 36 12 0 18 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Pain",
"orig": "enm:Pain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To trouble or anguish; to cause distress."
],
"id": "en-pynen-enm-verb-JqLtq9om",
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"anguish",
"anguish"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 27 15 11 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 28 12 11 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
98,
103
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
69,
77
]
],
"english": "And Grace gave him the Cross with the Crown of Thorns, / that Christ suffered on for humanity up on Calvary.",
"ref": "c. 1378-9, [William Langland], “Paſſus xıx᷒ et explıcıt Dobet // et ımplıcıt Dobeſt”, in [Piers Plowman, A Treatise on Sin] (W, B-text), London, published c. 1400, →OCLC, folio 121, verso; republished as Thorlac Turville-Petre, Hoyt N. Duggan, editors, Cambridge, Trinity College, MS B.15.17 (The Piers Plowman Electronic Archive; 2), SEENET, 2014, →ISBN:",
"text": "¶ And Grace gaf hym þe cros. wıþ þe croune of þoꝛnes / That crıſt vp on Caluarıe. foꝛ mankynde on pyned",
"translation": "And Grace gave him the Cross with the Crown of Thorns, / that Christ suffered on for humanity up on Calvary.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To undergo injury; to suffer."
],
"id": "en-pynen-enm-verb-nhDDxg-j",
"links": [
[
"undergo",
"undergo"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 27 15 11 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 28 12 11 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strive or exert (oneself)."
],
"id": "en-pynen-enm-verb-x-mHlP2r",
"links": [
[
"strive",
"strive"
],
[
"exert",
"exert"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, reflexive) To strive or exert (oneself)."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiːnən/"
}
],
"word": "pynen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "pynen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 24 27 15 9 9 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 36 12 0 18 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Pain",
"orig": "enm:Pain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "pain, torture",
"word": "pyne"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of pyne (“pain, torture”)"
],
"id": "en-pynen-enm-noun-Ol1TLiSW",
"links": [
[
"pyne",
"pyne#Middle_English:_torture"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "pynen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷey- (to pay)",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Pain"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "pine"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "pine"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "pyne"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:pīnian",
"id": "to torment"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "pīnian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English pīnian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "pīnian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English pīnian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*pīnōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *pīnōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pyne",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "torture",
"id2": "infinitival",
"nocap": "1",
"pos2": "infinitive suffix",
"t1": "torture, torment"
},
"expansion": "by surface analysis, pyne (“torture, torment”) + -en (infinitive suffix)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English pīnian, from Proto-West Germanic *pīnōn, from *pīnā (“pain, torture”); by surface analysis, pyne (“torture, torment”) + -en (infinitive suffix). Compare peynen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pyneth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pynende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pynynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pyned",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pynen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to pynen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pynest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pynedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pyneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pynen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pyneden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pynede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pyneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pyne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pynynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pynende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ypyned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pine",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "pyne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "pynyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "pinenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "pinin",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "pini",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent",
"Southern"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pynen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "pyn"
},
"expansion": "pynen (third-person singular simple present pyneth, present participle pynende, pynynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle pyned)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pyn"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
104,
109
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
100,
107
]
],
"english": "The fire of hell is permanent and forever unextinguished, so that it can always exist to scorch and torment […]",
"ref": "c. 1180, Orͬm, “Secundum Iohannem .XVIII. [John 1:19]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 80, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "Þe fır off helle ıſſ endelæſ. ⁊ aᵹᫌ occ aᵹᫌ unᷠcƿenᷠkedd. Sƿa ꝥ ıtt muᵹͪe laſſtenᷠ. a. To bærnenᷠ. ⁊ to pınenᷠ.",
"translation": "The fire of hell is permanent and forever unextinguished, so that it can always exist to scorch and torment […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hurt; to inflict (physical) injury:",
"To torment or torture; to injure punitively."
],
"links": [
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"inflict",
"inflict"
],
[
"physical",
"physical#English"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
"torture",
"torture"
],
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"punitively",
"punitively"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
70,
76
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
68,
76
]
],
"english": "\"Penitence is the lamentation of someone who regrets their sin, and scourges themself since they have acted wrongly.\"",
"ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Persons Tale”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 236, recto:",
"text": "Penıtence / ıs þe waẏmentẏnge of man / þᵗ soꝛweth foꝛ hıs sẏnne / and pẏneth hẏm self / foꝛ he hath mysdoon",
"translation": "\"Penitence is the lamentation of someone who regrets their sin, and scourges themself since they have acted wrongly.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hurt; to inflict (physical) injury:",
"To injure oneself as penitence."
],
"links": [
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"inflict",
"inflict"
],
[
"physical",
"physical#English"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"penitence",
"penitence"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To hurt; to inflict (physical) injury:",
"To waste away; to starve or exhaust."
],
"links": [
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"inflict",
"inflict"
],
[
"physical",
"physical#English"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"waste",
"waste"
],
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"starve",
"starve"
],
[
"exhaust",
"exhaust"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To trouble or anguish; to cause distress."
],
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"anguish",
"anguish"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
98,
103
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
69,
77
]
],
"english": "And Grace gave him the Cross with the Crown of Thorns, / that Christ suffered on for humanity up on Calvary.",
"ref": "c. 1378-9, [William Langland], “Paſſus xıx᷒ et explıcıt Dobet // et ımplıcıt Dobeſt”, in [Piers Plowman, A Treatise on Sin] (W, B-text), London, published c. 1400, →OCLC, folio 121, verso; republished as Thorlac Turville-Petre, Hoyt N. Duggan, editors, Cambridge, Trinity College, MS B.15.17 (The Piers Plowman Electronic Archive; 2), SEENET, 2014, →ISBN:",
"text": "¶ And Grace gaf hym þe cros. wıþ þe croune of þoꝛnes / That crıſt vp on Caluarıe. foꝛ mankynde on pyned",
"translation": "And Grace gave him the Cross with the Crown of Thorns, / that Christ suffered on for humanity up on Calvary.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To undergo injury; to suffer."
],
"links": [
[
"undergo",
"undergo"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English reflexive verbs",
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To strive or exert (oneself)."
],
"links": [
[
"strive",
"strive"
],
[
"exert",
"exert"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, reflexive) To strive or exert (oneself)."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiːnən/"
}
],
"word": "pynen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Pain"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "pynen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "pain, torture",
"word": "pyne"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of pyne (“pain, torture”)"
],
"links": [
[
"pyne",
"pyne#Middle_English:_torture"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "pynen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pynen meaning in Middle English (10.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.